Securities and Exchange Commission

Government Body

Federal agency responsible for enforcing securities laws, including insider trading regulations. Maintains EDGAR database of corporate insider filings.

cryptoinsider_tradingfinance_banking

Given

$5,863,927

Received

Connections

Votes

Regulatory Capture Assessment

Regulatory capture occurs when a regulatory agency advances the interests of the industry it is meant to oversee. The indicators below track evidence of capture for this agency. According to the academic literature (Stigler 1971, Carpenter & Moss 2013), captured agencies exhibit declining enforcement, revolving door personnel pipelines, and rule-making that favors incumbents over public interest.

Industry connections

Enforcement actions

Revolving door

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Donations Given

Recipient	Amount	Date	Cycle
IBM	$3,771,749	Mar 24, 2009
IBM	$2,092,178	Mar 24, 2008

Relationships

Type	Connected To	Details	Source
Enabled	Dismissal of SEC v. Coinbase	Commission voted or filed to dismiss or close this enforcement action	Source
Enabled	Dismissal of SEC v. Binance and Changpeng Zhao	Commission voted or filed to dismiss or close this enforcement action	Source
Enabled	Dismissal of SEC v. Consensys	Commission voted or filed to dismiss or close this enforcement action	Source
Enabled	SEC closes investigation of Uniswap Labs	Commission voted or filed to dismiss or close this enforcement action	Source
Enabled	SEC closes investigation of Robinhood Crypto	Commission voted or filed to dismiss or close this enforcement action	Source
Enabled	Dismissal of SEC v. Payward, Inc., doing business as Kraken	Commission voted or filed to dismiss or close this enforcement action	Source
Instrument of	Crypto industry	Under Chair Paul Atkins (former crypto consultant), the SEC dismissed enforcement actions against Coinbase, Binance, Consensys, Kraken, and closed investigations into Uniswap and Robinhood Crypto	Source
Opposed	Congressional stock trading	SEC enforces insider trading laws for corporate insiders but has limited jurisdiction over congressional trading.
issued_rule	SEC Climate Disclosure Rule	SEC issued rule: SEC Climate Disclosure Rule
issued_rule	Disclosure of Order Execution Information	SEC issued rule: Disclosure of Order Execution Information	Source
issued_rule	Reporting Requirements for All Filers and Large Hedge Fund Advisers	SEC issued rule: Reporting Requirements for All Filers and Large Hedge Fund Advisers	Source
issued_rule	Further Definition of As a Part of a Regular Business in the Definition of Dealer and Government Securities Dealer in Connection with Certain Liquidity Providers	SEC issued rule: Further Definition of As a Part of a Regular Business in the Definition of Dealer and Government Securities Dealer in Connection with Certain Liquidity Providers	Source
issued_rule	Security-Based Swap Execution and Registration and Regulation of Security-Based Swap Execution Facilities	SEC issued rule: Security-Based Swap Execution and Registration and Regulation of Security-Based Swap Execution Facilities	Source
issued_rule	Reporting of Securities Loans	SEC issued rule: Reporting of Securities Loans	Source
proposed_rule	Daily Computation of Customer and Broker-Dealer Reserve Requirements under the Broker-Dealer Customer Protection Rule	SEC proposed rule: Daily Computation of Customer and Broker-Dealer Reserve Requirements under the Broker-Dealer Customer Protection Rule	Source
proposed_rule	Definition of Exchange	SEC proposed rule: Definition of Exchange	Source
proposed_rule	Regulation Systems Compliance and Integrity	SEC proposed rule: Regulation Systems Compliance and Integrity	Source
proposed_rule	Cybersecurity Risk Management Rule for Broker-Dealers, Clearing Agencies, Major Security-Based Swap Participants, et al.	SEC proposed rule: Cybersecurity Risk Management Rule for Broker-Dealers, Clearing Agencies, Major Security-Based Swap Participants, et al.	Source
proposed_rule	Safeguarding Advisory Client Assets	SEC proposed rule: Safeguarding Advisory Client Assets	Source
proposed_rule	Regulation Best Execution	SEC proposed rule: Regulation Best Execution	Source
proposed_rule	Regulation National Market System: Minimum Pricing Increments, Access Fees, and Transparency of Better Priced Orders	SEC proposed rule: Regulation National Market System: Minimum Pricing Increments, Access Fees, and Transparency of Better Priced Orders	Source
proposed_rule	Form PF; Reporting Requirements for All Filers and Large Hedge Fund Advisers	SEC proposed rule: Form PF; Reporting Requirements for All Filers and Large Hedge Fund Advisers	Source
proposed_rule	Rules Relating to Security-Based Swap Execution and Registration and Regulation of Security-Based Swap Execution Facilities	SEC proposed rule: Rules Relating to Security-Based Swap Execution and Registration and Regulation of Security-Based Swap Execution Facilities	Source
proposed_rule	Cybersecurity Risk Management, Strategy, Governance, and Incident Disclosure	SEC proposed rule: Cybersecurity Risk Management, Strategy, Governance, and Incident Disclosure	Source
issued_rule	Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 121	SEC issued rule: Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 121	Source
issued_rule	Custody of Digital Asset Securities by Special Purpose Broker-Dealers	SEC issued rule: Custody of Digital Asset Securities by Special Purpose Broker-Dealers	Source
issued_rule	Accredited Investor Definition	SEC issued rule: Accredited Investor Definition	Source
issued_rule	Exchange-Traded Funds	SEC issued rule: Exchange-Traded Funds	Source
proposed_rule	SEC Climate Disclosure Rule	SEC proposed rule: SEC Climate Disclosure Rule
oversees (target)	Senate Banking Committee	Senate Banking Committee has jurisdiction over the Securities and Exchange Commission
Employed by (target)	Paul Atkins	Paul Atkins serves as SEC Chair since April 2025
Employed by (target)	Hester Peirce	Hester Peirce serves as SEC Commissioner
oversees (target)	House Financial Services Committee	House Financial Services Committee has jurisdiction over the Securities and Exchange Commission
is_target_of (target)	Goldman Sachs	Goldman Sachs subject to SEC enforcement (1MDB)	Source
is_target_of (target)	JPMorgan Chase	JPMorgan subject to SEC enforcement actions	Source
is_target_of (target)	Wells Fargo	Wells Fargo subject to SEC enforcement actions	Source
Lobbied for (target)	Coinbase Global, Inc.	Coinbase lobbied the SEC for regulatory clarity on crypto assets