RAND Corporation
Nonpartisan research organization focused on defense, health, and technology policy.
Tracked direct giving
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Connections
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Outside Spending and Dark Money
Dark money is election spending by organizations that do not disclose their donors: 501(c)(4) social welfare organizations, 501(c)(6) trade associations, and similar non-committee filers (FEC Form 5 and Form 9). Registered super PACs also make independent expenditures. But they itemize their donors with the FEC, so their spending is not dark money. Figures below are never combined with disclosed-donor totals.
IRS 990 Schedule I Grant Chain
Grants between nonprofits reported on IRS Form 990 Schedule I. Grants between organizations are one route for dark money. A nonprofit may receive a grant from one entity and then spend that money on election ads.
IRS 990 Schedule I grants received
$2,934,549
| Grantor | Amount | Tax Year | Purpose |
|---|---|---|---|
| RESOURCES LEGACY FUND | $576,609 | 2024 | LAND OR MARINE CONSERVATION, CLIMATE CHANGE, AND/OR ENVIRONMENTAL EQUITY AND JUSTICE |
| Morgan Stanley Global Impact Funding Trust Inc | $55,000 | 2024 | UNRESTRICTED GENERAL SUPPORT |
| Kaiser Foundation Research Institute | $163,034 | 2024 | Research |
| AMERICAN ENDOWMENT FOUNDATION | $50,000 | 2024 | PUBLIC AFFAIRS |
| NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY FEINBERG SCHOOL OF MEDICINE | $63,031 | 2023 | Support of research activities |
| Goldman Sachs Charitable Gift Fund | $50,000 | 2023 | EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS & OTHER STUDENT SVC |
| EMORY | $67,183 | 2023 | RESEARCH/SUBCONTRACT |
| Schwab Charitable | $581,200 | 2023 | PUBLIC, SOCIETAL BENEFIT |
| JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY CENTRAL LOCKBOX | $115,052 | 2022 | SUB-AWARD |
| Columbia University | $491,047 | 2022 | Research |
| University of Pittsburgh | $28,728 | 2022 | RESEARCH- SUBCONTRACT |
| CALIFORNIA COMMUNITY FOUNDATION | $114,000 | 2022 | EDUCATION |
| GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY | $5,449 | 2022 | Subaward |
| Fidelity Investments Charitable Gift Fund | $423,764 | 2022 | For grant recipient's exempt purposes |
| UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO | $150,452 | 2022 | Subaward |
Source: IRS Form 990 Schedule I (Grants and Other Assistance to Organizations) via ProPublica Nonprofit Explorer and IRS 990 XML e-files. Grant amounts represent the most recent filing year available.
IRS 990 data lags a year or more behind filing. Grants shown are for the stated tax year and do not establish current-cycle funding.
Methodology Disclosure
Dark money figures are derived from FEC Form 5 (independent expenditures by non-committee organizations) and Form 9 (electioneering communications). These filings capture spending on ads and election communications but do not reveal the identity of the organization's donors. QPQ totals may differ from benchmarks like the Brennan Center's estimates. QPQ includes all Form 5 filers, while some benchmarks count only a subset of non-disclosing nonprofits. Grant chain data is from IRS Form 990 Schedule I and may not include all years or all grantee organizations.
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Relationships
| Type | Connected To | Details | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Published research for | FY2025 National Defense Authorization Act | Published force posture and readiness research used in NDAA debates | Editorial |
| Hosts research funded by | Lockheed Martin | Lockheed Martin funder of RAND defense research | Editorial |
| Hosts research funded by | RTX Corporation (Raytheon) | Raytheon funder of RAND research | Editorial |
| Hosts research funded by | Northrop Grumman | Northrop Grumman funder of RAND defense research | Editorial |
| Received money from | UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO | IRS 990 Schedule I grant of $150,452 (tax year 2022). Purpose: Subaward | Source |
| Received money from | Columbia University | IRS 990 Schedule I grant of $491,047 (tax year 2022). Purpose: Research | Source |
| Received money from | Kaiser Foundation Research Institute | IRS 990 Schedule I grant of $163,034 (tax year 2024). Purpose: Research | Source |
| Received money from | University of Pittsburgh | IRS 990 Schedule I grant of $28,728 (tax year 2022). Purpose: RESEARCH- SUBCONTRACT | Source |
| Received money from | AMERICAN ENDOWMENT FOUNDATION | IRS 990 Schedule I grant of $50,000 (tax year 2024). Purpose: PUBLIC AFFAIRS | Source |
| Received money from | CALIFORNIA COMMUNITY FOUNDATION | IRS 990 Schedule I grant of $114,000 (tax year 2022). Purpose: EDUCATION | Source |
| Received money from | EMORY | IRS 990 Schedule I grant of $67,183 (tax year 2023). Purpose: RESEARCH/SUBCONTRACT | Source |
| Received money from | NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY FEINBERG SCHOOL OF MEDICINE | IRS 990 Schedule I grant of $63,031 (tax year 2023). Purpose: Support of research activities | Source |
| Received money from | Schwab Charitable | IRS 990 Schedule I grant of $581,200 (tax year 2023). Purpose: PUBLIC, SOCIETAL BENEFIT | Source |
| Received money from | GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY | IRS 990 Schedule I grant of $5,449 (tax year 2022). Purpose: Subaward | Source |
| Received money from | Fidelity Investments Charitable Gift Fund | IRS 990 Schedule I grant of $423,764 (tax year 2022). Purpose: For grant recipient's exempt purposes | Source |
| Received money from | Goldman Sachs Charitable Gift Fund | IRS 990 Schedule I grant of $50,000 (tax year 2023). Purpose: EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS & OTHER STUDENT SVC | Source |
| Received money from | RESOURCES LEGACY FUND | IRS 990 Schedule I grant of $576,609 (tax year 2024). Purpose: LAND OR MARINE CONSERVATION, CLIMATE CHANGE, AND/OR ENVIRONMENTAL EQUITY AND JUSTICE | Source |
| Received money from | Morgan Stanley Global Impact Funding Trust Inc | IRS 990 Schedule I grant of $55,000 (tax year 2024). Purpose: UNRESTRICTED GENERAL SUPPORT | Source |
| Received money from | JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY CENTRAL LOCKBOX | IRS 990 Schedule I grant of $115,052 (tax year 2022). Purpose: SUB-AWARD | Source |